1
Address poisoning
Check the middle, not the ends
Attackers create addresses that share the first and last characters with one you use, then send you a tiny "dust" transaction so the fake shows up in your history. Wallets often display only 0x7a3F…b4C2 — which looks identical.
Do this today: never copy an address from your transaction history. Use a saved address book and compare at least 6 characters in the middle on your hardware wallet screen.
2
Token approvals
Revoke the "forgotten permission"
When you use a decentralized app, you often grant it an unlimited allowance to move a token. That permission stays active for months or years — long after you stop using the app. If that app is ever exploited, so are you.
Do this today: open the token-approval checker of your network's block explorer, connect your wallet in read mode and revoke approvals you no longer need.
3
SIM-swap protection
Lock your phone number
If someone convinces your mobile carrier to move your number to their SIM card, every SMS code — including password resets for your email and exchange accounts — goes to them.
Do this today: ask your carrier for a port-out / number-lock PIN, and switch crypto accounts from SMS codes to an authenticator app or hardware security key.
4
Transfers
The small "handshake" transaction
A wrong address, wrong network or clipboard-hijacking malware can make a transfer unrecoverable. Blockchain transactions cannot be reversed by anyone.
Do this today: before any large transfer, send a small test amount, confirm it arrived, then send the rest. On exchanges, enable the withdrawal-address allowlist.
5
Devices
A "clean room" browser profile
Malicious browser extensions and look-alike websites are among the most common ways wallets get drained. Your everyday browser has dozens of extensions and countless open tabs.
Do this today: create a separate browser profile used only for crypto, with only your wallet extension installed, and reach sites through saved bookmarks — not search results or links.
6
Seed phrase
The optional passphrase layer
Many hardware wallets support an optional passphrase (sometimes called a "25th word"). Without it, a found or stolen recovery phrase alone cannot open the protected wallet.
Know the trade-off: if you forget the passphrase, nobody can recover the funds. Store it separately from the recovery phrase — the full checklist explains how.